Ⅱ. Wear-resistant Plate Installation Steps

The installation quality of the wear-resistant plates directly affects the performance. It is essential to strictly follow the four steps of "cleaning, positioning, welding, and inspection" to ensure a secure installation.

（1）Pre-installation Preparation:

Clean the rust, oil, and dirt from the surface of the loader bucket. Use an angle grinder to polish the contact surfaces of the bucket to expose the metallic luster and improve weld adhesion.

（2）Positioning and Marking:

Determine the installation positions of the wear-resistant plates according to the wear areas of the bucket. Generally, wear-resistant plates are installed on the bucket's cutting edge, side walls, and bottom, which are prone to wear. Mark these positions with chalk.

（3）Cutting the Plates:

Cut the wear-resistant plates according to the marked dimensions using a plasma cutter. After cutting, grind the edges of the plates to remove burrs and prevent scratching materials or injuring operators after installation.

（4）Welding and Fixing:

Arc welding is used. The welding current is adjusted according to the plate thickness: 180-200A for thicknesses below 12mm, and 200-250A for thicknesses above 12mm. Welding is done in sections, with each weld section controlled to be 100-150mm long and spaced 50mm apart to prevent deformation due to overheating.

（5）Inspection and Acceptance:

After welding, check the weld for firmness and any signs of incomplete or missing welds. Gently tap the wear-resistant plate with a hammer to check for looseness. Simultaneously check the flatness of the plate to prevent protrusions from affecting the excavation operation.

Ⅲ. Application Techniques for Wear-Resistant Plates in Multiple Working Conditions

一、Sand and Gravel Transfer Operations

Sand and gravel have high hardness and high fluidity, causing severe wear on the wear-resistant plates of the bucket cutting edge. Special attention needs to be paid to the maintenance of these plates.

（1） Avoid direct impact between the bucket and the ground or sand and gravel piles during operation to prevent cracking of the wear-resistant plate welds or deformation of the plate.

（2） When loading sand and gravel, adopt a "light shovel, slow loading" mode to reduce impact wear on the wear-resistant plates and extend their service life.

（3）Check the wear condition of the cutting edge wear-resistant plates during work breaks. If localized wear is observed, promptly weld wear-resistant welding rods to extend the plate's service life.

二、Mining Loading and Unloading Operations

Mining materials have high hardness and strong impact, making wear-resistant plates prone to cracking and detachment. Installation and operation standards need to be strengthened.

（1）When loading and unloading ore, it is strictly forbidden to pry large rocks with the bucket to prevent breakage of the wear-resistant plates due to overload. Use crushing equipment to handle large materials.

（2） Regularly inspect the welds of the wear-resistant plates. Repair any loose welds every 30 hours of work to prevent the plates from falling off.

（3）Clean the ore debris from the bucket promptly after operation to prevent it from accumulating on the wear-resistant plate surface and aggravating wear.

三、Earthwork Operations

Earthwork materials are loose, resulting in relatively less wear on the wear-resistant plates, but attention must be paid to preventing adhesion and corrosion.

（1） After working with heavy, sticky soil, clean the bucket promptly to prevent soil clumps from adhering to the wear-resistant plate surface and affecting subsequent operations.

（2） During rainy season operations, wipe the surface of the wear-resistant plates dry after operation and apply anti-rust oil to prevent rust and corrosion.

四、 Key Points for Daily Maintenance of Wear-Resistant Plates

（1） Regularly check the wear degree of the wear-resistant plates. When the plate thickness wear exceeds 1/2 of its original thickness, replace it promptly to prevent the plate from wearing through and damaging the bucket.

（2） Avoid contact between the bucket and corrosive materials such as acids and alkalis. If contact occurs, clean it promptly to prevent corrosion and rust.

（3）When welding and repairing wear-resistant plates, select welding rods that match the plate material to ensure weld strength. Welding rods of different materials are prone to causing weld cracking.

（4） When storing spare wear-resistant plates, place them in a dry and ventilated place, away from humid environments and acidic or alkaline substances to prevent the plates from rusting and deforming.

In summary, the selection, installation, and application of wear-resistant steel plates are crucial for extending the lifespan of loader buckets and reducing construction costs. In applications such as sand and gravel transportation, mining loading and unloading, and earthmoving, it is essential to select appropriate wear-resistant steel plates based on material characteristics and bucket model, strictly adhere to installation specifications, and perform routine maintenance. Only through scientific selection, standardized operation, and regular maintenance can the wear resistance performance of the steel plates be maximized, ensuring efficient operation of the loader.